Strategy & improvement

How Chess Ratings Work (Elo & Glicko Explained)

Published 2026-06-28 · Updated 2026-06-28 · 7 min read · by the 88chess Editorial Team

A chess rating is a single number that estimates your playing strength. Beat stronger opponents and it climbs; lose to weaker ones and it falls. The maths exists so that two strangers can be matched fairly and so your progress is measurable.

The core idea: expected score

Before a game, the rating system predicts how likely each player is to win. If you are rated 400 points higher than your opponent, you are expected to score about 0.92 (roughly a 92% chance of the point). Equal ratings means an expected score of 0.5.

After the game, your rating moves toward the difference between how you actually did and how you were expected to do. Beating a much stronger player gains a lot; beating a much weaker one gains almost nothing.

The Elo formula

Expected score for player A against player B is:

E_A = 1 / (1 + 10^((R_B - R_A) / 400))

New rating is R_A' = R_A + K * (S_A - E_A), where S_A is 1 for a win, 0.5 for a draw, 0 for a loss, and K controls how fast ratings move (often 20–40 for new players, smaller for established ones).

Why 88chess uses Glicko-2

Plain Elo treats every player the same. Glicko-2 (what 88chess uses) adds a rating deviation (RD) — a confidence measure. A new player has a high RD, so their rating moves quickly while the system learns their strength; an established player has a low RD and a more stable rating. This is why your first few games can swing more, then settle. On 88chess new players start around 1200 and calibrate from there, with a floor that protects your first games from cratering.

What a rating is not

It is not a measure of intelligence or worth — it is a snapshot of results against a pool. Ratings only compare meaningfully within the same pool, so a 1500 on one site is not exactly a 1500 on another.

Want to see the numbers move? Play a rated game free — your rating updates after every game, free games included.

Frequently asked questions

What is a good chess rating?

On most online pools, under ~1000 is beginner, ~1000–1400 is improving casual, ~1400–1800 is solid club strength, and 2000+ is expert. These bands are approximate and differ between sites.

Why did my rating drop so much after one loss?

New players have a high rating deviation, so the system adjusts quickly while it learns your strength. After a few games the swings get smaller.

Do free games affect my rating?

On 88chess, yes — your rating updates after every game, free games included, so your progress is real.

Put it into practice.

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